A Short History of Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation is an American technology company headquartered in Redmond, Washington that supports the invention, manufacturing, and licensing of goods and services related to computing. It was registered in New Mexico in 1976 after being formed the year before by two childhood friends. Heres how Microsoft was founded and a brief summary of Microsoft history. Two Computer Geeks Before Paul Allen and Bill Gates co-founded Microsoft, they were avid computer geeks in an age when access to computers was hard to come by. Allen and Gates even skipped high school classes to live and breathe in their schools computer room. Eventually, they hacked the schools computer and were caught, but instead of being expelled, they were offered unlimited computer time in exchange for helping to improve the school computers performance. With the help of partner Paul Gilbert, Gates and Allen ran their own small company, Traf-O-Data, while in high school and sold a computer to the city of Seattle for counting city traffic. Chesnot / Getty Images Bill Gates, Harvard Dropout In 1973, Gates left Seattle to attend Harvard University as a pre-law student. However, Gates first love never left him  as he spent most of his time in Harvards computer center, where he kept improving his programming skills. Soon Allen moved to Boston as well, working as a programmer and pressuring Gates to leave Harvard so they could work together full time on their projects. Gates was uncertain of what to do, but fate stepped in. The Birth of Microsoft In January 1975, Allen read an article in Popular Electronics magazine about the Altair 8800 microcomputer and showed it to Gates. Gates called MITS, makers of the Altair, and offered his and Allens services to write a version of the new BASIC programming language for the Altair. After eight weeks, Allen and Gates demonstrated their program to MITS, which agreed to distribute and market the product under the name Altair BASIC. The deal inspired Gates and Allen to form their own software company. Thus, Microsoft was started on April 4, 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico—the home of MITS—with Gates as the first CEO. Where the Name Microsoft Came From On July 29, 1975, Gates used the name Micro-Soft—which had been suggested by Allen—in a letter to Allen referring to their partnership. The name, a portmanteau of microcomputer and software, was registered with the New Mexico secretary of state on Nov. 26, 1976. In August 1977, less than a year later, the company opened its first international office. The branch, located in Japan, was called ASCII Microsoft. In 1979, the company moved to Bellevue, Washington, and two years later it incorporated under the name Microsoft Inc. Gates was president of the company and chairman of the board, and Allen was executive vice president. History of Microsoft Products Microsoft Operating Systems An operating system is a fundamental software that allows a computer to operate. As a newly formed company, Microsofts first operating system product to be publicly released was a version of Unix called Xenix, released in 1980. Xenix was later used as the basis for Microsofts first word processor—Multi-Tool Word—a predecessor to Microsoft Word. Microsofts first wildly successful operating system was MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System), which was written for IBM in 1981 and based on computer programmer Tim Patersons QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System). In the deal of the century, Gates licensed MS-DOS to IBM but retained rights to the software. As a result, Gates made a fortune for Microsoft, which had become a major soft vendor. Microsoft Mouse Microsofts mouse was released on May 2, 1983. Windows Also in 1983, Microsofts crowning achievement was released. The  Microsoft Windows operating system had a novel graphical user interface and a multitasking environment for IBM computers. In 1986, the company went public. The success meant that Gates became a billionaire at 31. Microsoft Office 1989 marked the release of Microsoft Office, a software package that, as the name describes, is a collection of programs for use in an office. Still used today, it includes a word processor, spreadsheet, mail program, business presentation software, and more. Internet Explorer In August 1995, Microsoft released Windows 95. This included technologies for connecting to the internet, such as built-in support for dial-up networking, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), and the web browser Internet Explorer 1.0. Xbox In 2001, Microsoft introduced its first gaming unit, the Xbox system. Xbox faced stiff competition from Sonys PlayStation, and eventually, Microsoft discontinued the original Xbox in favor of later versions. In 2005, Microsoft released the Xbox 360 gaming console, which was a success. Microsoft Surface In 2012, Microsoft made its first foray into the computing hardware market with the announcement of Surface tablets that ran Windows RT and Windows 8 Pro. Sources: â€Å"Microsoft Founded.†Ã‚  History.com, AE Television Networks, 9 Oct. 2015Bishop, Todd. â€Å"Bill Gates and Paul Allen Had a Business before Microsoft, and This Engineer Was Their Partner.†Ã‚  GeekWire, 27 Mar. 2017Marshall, Rick. â€Å"Has It Really Been 17 Years? The Past, Present, and Future of the Xbox.†Ã‚  Digital Trends, Digital Trends, 18 Apr. 2019

Biology Essay - 1804 Words

Planting – (10 minutes) Once each student has received their materials, have the students take the first cup of soil and the seeds in the plastic cup. Remind them these are their seeds and they are going to plant them how they think they would survive. As the students are planting their seeds, walk around and see how they are doing. If a student looks confused and is unsure how to plant their seeds, it might be a good idea to go back to The Tiny Seed and let students refresh their memory. Once all the students have finished planting their first seeds, have the students take one of the popsicle sticks and write â€Å"seeds† on it. This will help the students to remember this cup is holding the seeds that are not in the plastic bag. Once†¦show more content†¦Teacher: â€Å"Would someone like to share with us what they drew for their cup that has only the seeds in it?† Anticipated Student Response: â€Å"I drew just a cup with dirt, because right now my seeds are under the dirt so you really can’t see them.† Teacher: â€Å"Very good. Would someone like to add on to what ________ said?† (Adding On) Anticipated Student Response: â€Å"Well I did the same thing, but when I planted my seeds that were in a bag, the bag was still kind of sticking out of the dirt so I drew my bag sticking out a little bit.† Teacher: â€Å"Very good. I love how you drew the details that you saw.† Once the students have finished responding in their journal, have them put their journal away and take both of their cups back to the back counter where they will stay for the remainder of the experiment time. Teacher: â€Å"Do you think this is a good spot to put our seeds to grow?† [S-1] Anticipated Student Response: â€Å"Yes† Teacher: â€Å"Can you tell me why?† (Probing) Anticipated Student Response: â€Å"Because they are right by the window so they will get a lot of light from the sun.† Teacher: â€Å"Oh I like that idea. Do you think that we need to do anything else to our seeds before we let them sit and grow for awhile? Anticipated Student Response: â€Å"Yes! We need to water them.† Teacher: â€Å"You are right! We do need to water them.† Have the students take the cup of water in the back sink and pour water onto bothShow MoreRelatedBiology Field Study Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesA general description of the area with reasons why the field study is being conducted. 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Artificial Intelligence(research) Essay Example For Students

Artificial Intelligence(research) Essay I I K U N I V E R S I T Y Departments of Electronics Computer Science Engineering Course: Engineering Physics I Professors T. Yarman E. Iksal Final Exam: January 25, 2000 Question 1 (25 Points) Consider a one-dimensional elastic scattering process, where a projectile of velocity v1i and mass m1, collides with a target of velocity v2i and mass m2. After the collision, the masses m1 and m2 acquire the velocities, respectively, v1f and v2f. a) (10 p) Show that b) (10 p) What is v2f ? c) (5 p) What is approximately the fractional decrease of the kinetic energy (final kinetic energy) / (initial kinetic energy) of a tennis ball undergoing an elastic scattering with a wall? Question 2 (10 Points) A steel ball of mass m = 0. 5 kg is fastened to a cord L = 70 cm long and is fixed at the far end; it is released when the cord is horizontal. At the bottom of its path, the ball strikes a mass M = 2.5 kg steel block, initially at rest on a frictionless surface. The collision is elastic. a) (5 p) What is the speed of the ball after the collision? b) (5 p) What is the speed of the block after the collision? Question 3 (25 Points) One likes to measure the speed v of a bullet having a mass of m=10g, with the aid of a ballistic pendulum. The mass of the large block of wood of the pendulum is M=5 kg. Thus, the bullet is fired and the block+bullet combination swings upward with a velocity V, its center of mass rising a vertical distance h = 6 cm, before the pendulum comes to rest at the end of its arc. a) (10 p) You shall now apply the law of conservation of momentum during the collision of the bullet and the pendulum, and the law of conservation of mechanical energy in the swinging process of the pendulum, in order to find the speed of the bullet. Thus express v, in terms of M, m, h and, g, earths gravitational acceleration, to be approximately taken, 10m/s2. b) (10 p) As the bullet flies through the block of wood, it is slown down; its energy is converted into heat. Now suppose that the initial kinetic energy of the bullet is transformed into just the ;heat; it deposits into the block of wood, and the ;swinging energy; of this block. Thus show that the heat deposited by the bullet into the block of wood, can be approximately expressed as . Note thus that practically, the entire initial kinetic energy of the bullet has gone into heat, within the block of wood. c) (5 p) Find numerically v and H. As usual, first establish your answer litterally; only then, do the numerical application; be sure that you use coherent units. Question 4 (20 Points) According to Newtons Second Law, with the familiar notation, , (1) where F is the force vector, the change in the momentum p, through the interval of time, . Now suppose that a steady stream of n particles per second, with identical linear momentum of mvi (the magnitude of which is mvi), collides with a body B, which is fixed in place. The colliding particles are bounced back with a velocity vf. Through collisions of this one dimensional situation, the impulse acting on the body B carried by each particle, is by definition, m (vf vi). a) (5 p) Express in terms of n, m, vf , and vi . b) (10 p) Suppose that vi = vf = v . (1) Thus show that, F in this case, can be written as F . (2) d) ( 5 p) It is well known that bullets and other missiles fired at Superman, simply bounce off his chest. Suppose that a gangster sprays Supermans chest with 5 g bullets at the rate of 200 bullets/min, the speed of each bullet being 1000 m/s. Media Violence Essay We suppose that the bullets rebound straight back with no change in speed. What is the average force exerted by the stream of bullets on Supermans chest? Question 5 (20 Points) a) (10 p) The moon is about 300 000 km away from Earth. What is then its speed of rotation (v) around our .

Spring Festival Gala

The Spring Festival is a well known event in the Chinese culture through which its citizens get the opportunity to learn how China as a country is viewed both locally and by other states. Traditionally meant for Han Chinese people, the Spring Festival has now been transformed into a national holiday by the government and it is now celebrated by all Chinese ethnic groups (Real 1999).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spring Festival Gala specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The festival has ensured that Chinese traditions have been handed down from the ancient times to the modern generation. The traditions have also undergone constant reinvention as well as being turned into various cultural practices and products. The practices and products include the ‘Spring Festival eve gala’ that appears on the China Central Television (CCTV). The gala event has since then achieved a lot in trying to retain the Chinese traditional culture and enhance the Chinese identity of students in foreign countries like England. The media has actively build China’s political practices, as well as its cultural and social practices. This has been achieved by the role played by the gala in educating the Chinese citizens. The festival has led to massive public awareness on the Chinese culture (Bell 2008) The culture movement led to the realization of the importance of the support received from the mass media and the role the popular culture played in reaching the nationalists. New culture forms like the stage dramas, films, and carton magazines have become common in the urban centres. The CCTV among the other forms of mass media dominates the China Waves as it is designed to unify the nation through entertainment that is culturally appreciated, informative, has official news presentation and is for official dialect use (Benton 1998) The CCTV debut broadcasting live the Spring Eve gala changed the family t ogetherness traditional festival making it a distinctive national character. (Zhao 1998). The influence of the festive greatly expanded and spread the traditional Chinese culture in the entire nation and beyond.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Zhao (1998, p. 46), the gala has enhanced the traditional Chinese culture which was known for being oriented on family basis as well as merging the image of the Chinese nation to be one community. The Chinese culture is no longer bounded by its physical territory according to Tu (1994). The image of an inter-national family has spread globally through the gala. The result is a Chinese ethnic Han nation which is at the center while the other outer layers spread globally (CCTV 1984-2007). The stretch was from the 56 Chinese ethnic groups found in the mainland of China, to the Chinese nationalists found in Macao, Taiwan, and Hon g Kong and later overseas to the Chinese diasporas all over the world. By the year 2001, the television gala had come up with a cultural space that become popular and subtle so as to create a ‘greater China’ in the minds of the audience. The CCTV gala objective since its establishment has remained to be the mobilization of views that are popular and patriotic to the Chinese culture. This resulted to the solidification of the China’s 56 ethnic groups found within its physical territory to extended the Chinese family across its geographic boundaries to Chinese communities (Zhao 1998) The festive was out to represent the cultures of the minority groups. These minority cultures get the chance to show their traditions during gala occasions in different exploitation such as cultural, commercial and political. In relation to politics, the gala preached its concern about unity and harmony promoting a harmonic ethnic myth in modern China. The minority people and cultures through the gala have now stood out as the main selling tools of the Chinese culture both within the country and internationally. The culture of the minority groups has since then been familiarized regarding its cultural fabrication in modern China (Tang Parish 2000) Despite civilization and the cultures of the minority, the gala has ensured there is an increasing interest in Chinese culture in an effort to keep Chinese minority culture intact and unique for its artistic popularity, tourism, and the way its markets its culture.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Spring Festival Gala specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Dancing and singing are the main ways in which the gala enhances the Chinese culture of both the minority and majority groups. During the festive, several programs like minority performances were included. Such programs are used as cultural platform of Chinese performers from different ethics who are al ways dressed in the festive costumes (Smith 1995) Although the minority cultural groups are found in different locations due to the geographical distances and cultural diversity, the CCTV gala assembles the groups to be one common piece. The gala festive has also ensured that performers from the minority groups use their own languages during performances but have Chinese it translated into the national language below the. The festival has also enhanced the academic culture especially to those students in foreign countries. This has been made possible by the broadcasts via the Internet ensuring students in foreign countries like England are able to follow the gala programs. This has led to intercultural interaction between the Chinese students and students from the western countries (Real1999). This culture made it possible for the western educational tradition to be passed down to the daily Chinese culture, both contemporary and traditional. More than eight thousands diasporic stude nts in United Kingdom view the Spring Eve gala every year so as to interact with people from their homeland and continue to learn more about their culture. This ensures the students are not influenced by the western culture to the extent of forgetting their own. The students in foreign countries also follow the political situation keenly and pay much attention to the cultural citizenship or their complex identity formation. A large number of Chinese students are neither concerned with their political issues in relation to diaporac Chinese nor diaoporic subjects (Lull 1991) Both the traditional cultural and social imagination of the Chinese people has been ubiquitous in both ethnoscapes and mediascapes during the Spring Festival. The festival since its introduction has remained a unique festival in China and is regarded as the most exploited phenomena in terms of culture. The festival is out to advocate for the Chinese culture. It has been endorsed officially as the vision of multi-e thic and international festive but still unites Chinese families. The Chinese culture is considered to be an imagined community that is deterritorialised and mobile. China is no longer bound by its physical boundaries but its cultures.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The foreign students are now updated on the current developments in their countries as well as having the chance to learn more about their culture through this gala event. (Hong 1999) References Bell, D 2008, China’s new Confucianism: Politics and everyday life in a changing society, Princeton University Press, New York Benton, G 1998, The Chinese in Europe, Macmillan: St. Martin’s Press, New York CCTV. 1984-2007. ‘The Spring Festival Gala.’ China International Television  Corporation. Hong, J 1999, The Internationalization of television in China: The evolution of ideology, society, and media since the reform, Praeger London and Westport, CT Lull, J 1991, China Turned On: Television, reform, and resistance, Routledge, New York, NY Real, M 1996, Exploring Media Culture: A guide, Sage Thousand Oaks, CA Real, R1999, Super Media: A cultural studies approach, Sage Newbury Park, CA Smith, D 1995, Nations and Nationalism in a Global Era, Polity Press Cambridge, UK Tang, W. Parish, L 2000, Chinese Urban Life under Reform: The Changing Social Contract. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Zhao, Z 1998, ‘Popular family television and party ideology: The Spring Festival eve happy gathering’, Media, Culture Society, 20, 43-58 This essay on Spring Festival Gala was written and submitted by user Tristen C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.