Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd)

Organization depiction Dubal is a significant producer and provider of aluminum items. The company’s mission is to be the main organization in worldwide aluminum creation. The organization additionally means to lead in advertising of aluminum items constantly 2020.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization is seen to be a significant provider of compound items to the car business. Additionally, the organization likewise supplies billet, foundry compounds to development, hardware and aviation businesses. The organization is additionally prestigious for creating water items through warm desalination. The company’s significant markets are found all inclusive, with China, Europe, North America and Middle East being significant market goals. Portrayal of activities Aluminum purifying This is the underlying aluminum creat ion process that includes extraction of aluminum from its oxide (Davis 1). This methodology happens in stages, where bauxite is transformed into Alumina and afterward through an aluminum smelter where it is inevitably transformed into aluminum. Crude material taking care of The organization acquires top notch materials from different pieces of the world. The organization sources crude materials like alumina, aluminum fluoride and calcined oil coke from Australia, India and the United States separately. Sourced imports go through Jebel Ali Port. This is on the grounds that the organization has storerooms for its crude materials at the port. Additionally, the organization import crude materials in mass and later vehicle the materials to the assembling plant by street big haulers. Carbon anode fabricating This is an on location producing process. The carbon anodes are fundamental for the electrolysis procedure utilized in aluminum decrease process (Kvande Haupin 29). Evidently, the org anization has the ability to deliver in excess of 380,000 carbon anodes annually.Advertising Looking for contextual analysis on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Casting activities This is the last procedure of making aluminum. It involves throwing liquid aluminum and alloying the equivalent with magnesium, silicon and manganese. Throwing is significant in including metal properties like erosion opposition and quality (Kaufman Rooy 1). The company’s yearly throwing limit is 1.2 million tons of aluminum. Flexibly chains choices Dubal’s gracefully chain takes the configuration of a normal Porter’s esteem chain. Inbound coordinations Procured materials from Australia, India, and the United States go through Jebel Ali Port, where the organization has storerooms. The nearness of storerooms at the port is basic for steady supplies, stockpiling and transportation of materials. Tasks Main activities inside the company’s producing plant incorporate aluminum fabricating forms. Activity administrators settle on basic choices on the amount and nature of items fabricated. Outbound coordinations Operation directors are required to choose the method of transportation in conveying items and administrations. Choice on organization transport, re-appropriated transport is basic. Choices on dispersion channels and conveyance areas to the company’s outlets over the world are likewise basic. Promoting and deals Marketing and deals activities are comprehensively engaged. Activity administrators demand fabricating items that are naturally sensitive.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Operational Decision Making Dubal Company (Dubai Aluminum Ltd) explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization utilizes the part of value as a promoting procedure in creating interest for its items. Furthermore, the consideration of ser ious costs for its items and administrations according to contenders has been vital in creating deals. Administration The organization prizes its relationship with the clients. In this regard, consistent correspondence with existing clients has been an authoritative culture. Also, the organization offers esteem extra administrations to the client who need conference on aluminum items and administrations. Obtainment This is a supporting action for the company’s flexibly chain essential exercises. Activity supervisors settle on re-appropriating choices dependent on providers and merchants comfort, unwavering quality and costs. Human asset the board Human asset work force are selected on benefits of abilities and skill. To guarantee that human asset is capable enough, the human asset chief persuades, sorts out continuous preparing and leads execution examination on staff individuals. Mechanical advancement The organization utilizes data correspondence frameworks, in tackling its tasks. Activity administrators have turned to utilizing Material Resource Planning (MRP) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) programming in settling on basic choices on asset arranging and portions. Another type of data innovation utilized is Computer Aided Designs (CAD) for motivations behind assembling and large scale manufacturing. Foundation Operation chiefs need to decide the hierarchical structure of the organization. This implies basic emotionally supportive networks like bookkeeping, acquisition, transport, organization, showcasing, administrative and general administration are required.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Authoritative emotionally supportive networks are basic in bridling the progression of data and activities inside the association. Operational choices Human assets and employment plan This activity choice requires recognizable proof of abilities required to deliver the company’s items and administrations. In this regard, choice hands on structure and prerequisite is indispensable before enrollment of staff. The enrollment procedure of human asset is likewise important to consider. This is on the grounds that a defective enlistment procedure may adversely influence the efficiency of the association. A choice on the best way to make the workplace positive for the representative is important in the wake of recruiting the worker. This implies the workplace ought not present wellbeing dangers to the representatives. Besides, a metal assembling condition is exceptionally perilous and requires the utilization of defensive apparatus while working. This ought to be given to all workers . This is basic in guaranteeing that assembling of items and administrations accomplishes quality objectives. Wages and compensations apportioned to workers ought to be sensible according to the sum or level of occupation allocated (Rynes Gerhart 16). An activity choice to choose the normal efficiency from workers is significant. In this regard, representative execution examination is important to decide if workers are conveying to their desires (Bowen Ostroff 217). This is the main way the organization can remain profoundly beneficial and serious among other modern players. Profitability Productivity can be estimated by finding the normal yield of the company’s laborers (Bloom Van Reneen 1362). This requires a unit of estimation. In this regard, the organization can utilize units of items created as a unit of estimation. When all is said in done, profitability will be dictated by all out units delivered corresponding to include utilized. Info is constantly spoken to as the m easure of work utilized. In an assembling organization like Dubal, yields are considered as laborers hours required in assembling a solitary unit item. So as to decide the creation cost of a solitary item unit and hours expected of the equivalent, all out paid hours in a month are isolated by the quantity of units delivered around the same time. Efficiency can be expanded through steady observing of activities and representatives (Johnson Peter 208). An innovative technique like the utilization of email observing is important in assessing employees’ participation to obligations. For this situation, representatives are to submit day by day or week by week provides details regarding work execution. Taking out interruptions, for example, pointless gatherings and sitting in front of the TV is likewise fundamental. Another approach to expand efficiency is designation of obligations or re-appropriating tasks (Young Johanna 141). Making a rundown of exercises that require need is ba sic. This makes it simpler for the activity director to orchestrate required apparatuses of work and measure of workforce required in finishing an occupation. Works Cited Bloom, Nicholas and Van Reenen, John. Estimating and clarifying administration rehearses across firms and nations. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122.4 (2007): 1351-1408. Print. Bowen, E., David and Ostroff, Cheri. Understanding HRMâ€firm execution linkages: The job of the â€Å"strength† of the HRM framework. Institute of the executives audit 29.2 (2004): 203-221. Print. Davis, R., Joseph. Erosion of aluminum and aluminum amalgams. Arizona: ASM International, 1999. Print. Johnston, Robert and Peter Jones. Administration profitability: towards understanding the connection among operational and client efficiency. Universal Journal of Productivity and Performance Management 53.3 (2004): 201-213. Print. Kaufman, J., Gilbert and Rooy L., Elwin. Aluminum amalgam castings: properties, procedures and applica tions. Arizona: ASM International, 2004. Print. Kvande, Halvor and Haupin, Warren. Dormant anodes for AI smelters: Energy adjusts and natural effect. Jom 53.5 (2001): 29-33. Print. Rynes, L., Sara and Gerhart A., Barry. Remuneration in associations. New Jersey: Jossey-Bass, 2000. Print. Youthful, Suzanne and Macneil, Johanna. At the point when execution neglects to meet desires: managers’ targets for re-appropriating. The Economic and Labor Relations Review 11.1 (2000): 136-168. Print. This c

How Far Did the Position of Black Americans Improve in the Years 1945-1955?

The US military association in WW2 was to lastingly affect social equality and supremacist perspectives. The contention welcomed on numerous progressions that would feature African American social equality, for instance it made numerous employments for dark individuals, in the barrier business as well as to fulfill developing work need. Despite the fact that between 1945-1955 there was uncertainly progress made for the situation of dark Americans, there were additionally impediments to that progress. The number of inhabitants in urban areas in the north, for example, Detroit developed drastically as dark individuals relocated during the war. In spite of the fact that there was significantly greater accessibility of work for African American’s, they would frequently discover they were victimized, for example not accepting equivalent compensation to white laborers. Bosses would as a rule utilize the rule ‘Last to be recruited, first to be terminated. ’ It was an irregularity for African Americans to be advanced as when they it would follow with walk outs and mobs from white laborers. So as to forestall the walk on Washington development, President Roosevelt consented to set up the Fair Employment Practices Commission so as to oblige equivalent open doors for dark individuals in protection industry occupations. This additionally prompted increment in labor employments, there was a 25% expansion in African Americans working in the iron and steel industry. The numbers utilized in taxpayer supported organization expanded from 50,000 to 200,000. Anyway it had its constraints, railways for the most part wouldn't recruit dark individuals and in the Deep South bias stayed on business issues. The NAACP crusaded to challenge the ‘Plessy v. Ferguson’ principle. Imbalance was effortlessly seen in training. For instance inquire about indicated that the student educator proportion was 20% preferable in white schools over in back, notwithstanding this white instructors by and large receiveda a lot bigger pay in contrast with a dark educator. The NAACP continued to sue in the interest of dark understudies, which inevitably bringing about the ‘Brown v. Leading body of Education’ lawful case. Following the Brown case, Earl Warren who was the present Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, concurred that not exclusively was isolation in instruction dampening for African Americans, yet isolation as a rule as well. Anyway this worked up fight in the south. The White Citizens chamber framed the ‘Southern Manifesto’ so as to battle the earthy colored case. There was likewise moderate advancement to the combination of government funded schools as The Supreme Court had not set a period limit, rather it had expressed movement to e finished with ‘deliberate speed. ’ There was likewise no activity upheld by President Eisenhower who was hesitant to abstain from blending further resistance. Inside and out, there was progress in financial status for African Americans. Because of the formation of worker's organizations and extremist gatherings, something was at last being done about imbalance for Blacks. Anyway this delicate activity was regularly confronted with commanding restriction, or just insufficient being done, consequently obstructing progress.

How Your Habits Can Help Determine Your Success and Potential

How Your Habits Can Help Determine Your Success and Potential Everyone wants to achieve something. Every person has aspirations, be those short or long term ones.We all strive towards something and do many things in order to achieve it.Almost always, these tendencies require us to give them time to be realized and to dedicate our energy to them. The process becomes an integral part of our lives.How do we make this happen?They are an indivisible part of our lives, but so are our habits.Are they in any way connected?Can our habits determine our success and potential?Yes, they are!And yes, they can!Read on to find out more.WHAT IS SUCCESS?What is a success?Take a moment and think about this.Are you successful? If you are, what is your proud accomplishment? If you are not, what is it that you need to fulfill in order to feel this way? Who is the successful person you look up to?Let us deal with the question of what is a success in the first place.The answers vary substantially from one to another person. For some, success implies business or financ ial success.For others, it is their possessions. For yet others, it is having a balance between work and private life. ­â€˜The survey, which was conducted by Ipsos on behalf of Strayer, interviewed 2,011 Americans ages 18 and up and found that 67% of surveyed Americans associate success with achieving personal goals; 66% cited good relationships with friends and family; and 60% said loving what you do for a living.’‘When it comes to our careers and our views on success, we are less materialistic than you might expect, with just 24% of Britons measuring their success by the things they own and only 33% of us thinking that fulfillment in life is achieving a prominent position in your career.85% of respondents in Britain think it is more important to have a good work-life balance than to have a successful career, a massive difference from emerging markets.’CHARACTERISTICS OF A SUCCESSFUL PERSONDespite the subjective understanding of the term success, all the people who share this quality have some traits in common.If you want to be successful, you should include these in your personality kit.Note that these are not innate â€" even if you feel that you don’t have some of these traits, it is only a matter of practice and making them a regular part of your everyday life.1. Aspiration and Motivation to SucceedAt every moment in life, you should have one or more goals you want to achieve. These aspirations will keep you on your toes and give you a clear view into the future.They are the checkpoints, which will lead to the ultimate goal of reaching the wanted success.It is advisable never to lose motivation. If you feel that your aspirations are fading or that your motivation is melting away, try applying a small change to your goals.You can do this by switching the direction in which you are going at the moment or breaking your immediate goal into a few smaller ones which are easier to achieve.2. Willingness to ChangeA person with this drive is always ready to grow professionally and personally.Gaining new skills and knowledge which are helpful in obtaining the position you want are crucial for success.You should be open to tasks which are not what you expected.Reaching such an obstacle is a good opportunity for you to grow. You grow in the field you are pursuing by managing a newfound problem, learning a new skill, or gaining new knowledge.You also grow as a person â€" you learn to deal with a new situation and to remain calm and collected in the face of stress and pressure.3. Taking RisksA person who takes risks is always on the lookout for new and better opportunities.These often seem unsafe and uncertain.However, if you want to achieve success, it is sometimes necessary to take a leap of faith and dive into the unknown.Even if the odds are not on your side, this is not the reason to give up without even trying.If you have enough knowledge of the field, you are in, or if you have enough trust in people around you, it is acceptable to give it a try.It can be anything between accepting a surprising job opportunity and being unexpectedly honest with a close person.4. DisciplineBeing disciplined is one of the most important characteristics of a successful person.Achieving success is a matter of hard work, and no hard work is effective (or efficient, for that matter) without self-discipline.Having a timetable, a schedule, or a plan in front of you, gives every task, be it the smallest one, a sense of purpose, and following that plan is a sure step towards great success.People with a high level of self-discipline are always focused on their goals. They don’t waste time and also have enough time for the planned activities.5. Decisiveness and Not Giving UpStrong will leads the way to success. If you want to stay on this path, it is inevitable to make decisions. Some of them are easy; others are hard; some of them are right, other ones are wrong. But all of them are necessary.When hard times come, your first instinct u sually tells you to run, to avoid unpleasant situations. However, if you manage to dodge this very instinct, you will grow as a person and as a leader. Not giving up is another key to success.Successful entrepreneurs are those whom you should look up to. If you know any one of them, have a chat with them, and they will surely give you very useful pieces of advice.SUCCESS AND HABITS?What are habits in the first place?They are the activities that you do almost or completely without thinking about them.Not paying conscious attention to the steps that you take in order to complete these activities makes room in your brain for thinking about other things while you perform them.Although this is a good thing, it has a bad side. If you want to change a habit, it is not easy because the neural pathways which are formed with those habits are very hard to be replaced.Nevertheless, it is possible! Where there’s a will, there’s a way!So, how is becoming and being successful related to your e veryday habits? What role do your habits have in you reaching your potential?The answer is that they surely are extremely significant. They shape your life and your personality. And by that, they shape your future accomplishments.Whether they are acquired earlier or later in life, imposed by an external factor or by your own self, habits can help you to determine and achieve your full potential and to succeed in life.The nature of habitual activities divides them into three groups: motor, intellectual, and habits of character.Motor habits are those related to your movement and posture, e.g. your posture, how and how much you sit, stand, or exercise.Intellectual habits are those connected with the psychological processes in your brain, i.e. observation, perception, logical thinking, reasoning, etc. The last group, habits of character, are those which originate in your personal traits.Examples of those are helping a person in need, cleaning the room/house, time management, polite comm unication, working hard (or hardly working, ha?).Let’s discuss examples of these and the ways they influence your success. You may use the following items to check your potential and what are the habits you might want to include in your everyday life. Do You Have Enough Sleep?We all know that healthy sleep has many merits. To begin with, let’s define healthy sleep. It is important to bear in mind that this varies with each person. Basically, we will take that an average healthy sleep is 7-9 hours during nighttime.We should consider the health benefits of healthy sleep briefly.Regular sleep regenerates your body. It improves your immune system. It lowers your blood pressure and keeps your heart healthy. It helps you maintain your weight.Another set of benefits is related to your brain functions.This is where your potential chances of success lie. People who sleep well are in a better mood. They have the physical and mental strength to work. Their concentration is good.If you get a healthy sleep every night, your body will be prepared to give effort and to deal well with stress and strain. So, let me ask you one more time â€" do you get enough sleep?Exercise RegularlyIt is a fact well known that physical exercise is a mandatory part of everyone’s life. It brings much good to your body â€" healthy weight, muscle strength, heart work and blood pressure normalization.But what we would actually like to discuss here is the effect of exercise on our minds.First and foremost, doing something physical helps you relieve negative energy, stress, anger, anxiety.It calms you down; your mind is reset after a workout. You are able to think clearly and more objectively.A person who doesn’t work out may have difficulties lowering their stress level.Exercise is a healthy way to do this.So, ask yourself this question â€" do I exercise enough?Between two and three hours of working out a week is the perfect amount for an average adult.You will agree that it is not an amount of time you cannot set aside for some enjoyable activity.Exercise leads to good sleep, and these together contribute to your physical and mental health substantially.If you do these, you will surely have enough strength and concentration to dedicate to your goals.Eat HealthyLet us skip the discussion of why good nutrition is good for your physical wellbeing and focus on its impact on your mental health. We will not shower you with statistics and research here.We would just like to connect this with the former two items and think reasonably about why you should follow a healthy diet if you want to be successful.Eating healthy gives you enough energy and the needed nutrients for your body to function well.Combine that with exercise and good sleep, and you will be a strong and healthy person capable of fulfilling anything you want.You may know from your own experience that when you miss out on only one of these three, you become way less productive, which in turn lowers your chances o f achieving your goals.So can you check all three items?Set Goals RegularlyHow many times have you said: “He/she knows what he/she wants in his/her life”?Well, so should you.Smart people always have a certain goal they are pursuing.And what’s more, it is not only this one thing they are trying to achieve, but it is a multitude of smaller, seemingly less significant goals which will eventually lead to the biggest one.When one goal is achieved, another one is set. In this way, you won’t lack motivation, and you will have a sense of achievement.So, do you have any goals towards which you are striving? If not, get one right now!It is not bad to dream big.Just try to imagine a path to your dream and walk it one step at a time, one small accomplishment followed by another.You will slowly develop a habit of setting a goal for yourself, and after every step, you will be closer to your dream.Work on Your Self-ImprovementAchievement is only possible through self-growth. You can grow i n many ways.For example, you can read books from your area of interest. You can take classes and learn a new skill. You can say yes to an exciting opportunity.Every new experience is a chance to become a better person.Every new experience changes you. And every change can be for the better; even if it doesn’t seem so at first sight, you can make it worthy.Ask yourself: “Did I have a learning opportunity yesterday? What will I do for my own growth today?”Don’t miss out on this. Even a thing as simple as learning a new keyboard shortcut makes you more knowledgeable.And imagine this â€" only one new information a day makes you 365 pieces of information richer at the end of the year!Hence, the habit of working on your own self is definitely something that should be a part of our lives.Practice Self-DisciplineThis habit seems quite easy â€" make a to-do list and follow it. You will be organized, have time for your activities, and not waste any time. Do you have this habit?Many pe ople wish to do this successfully but don’t. Are you one of them?A person who is successful in their job must have their work well-planned.The plan ought to unfold and business functions. This can be learnt when you start work; it is hard that way, though.But if you do this (more or less strictly) at home, without the pressure of your boss or deadlines, it is only then that you show having true potential to be successful in life.Nothing comes from being lazy; success comes from being organized, and for that matter, you present yourself as a reliable person with whom others want to cooperate.Don’t Give Up EasilyAt the beginning of this text, you read about the characteristic of not giving up.Well, we could certainly consider it a habit as well. There are people who are used to quitting after the first failure.But do you think that these people can achieve anything with such an attitude?Where would you be now if you had given up every time you failed at something? Our guess would be: at the very beginning of the road.Some people are more persistent, some less. It is up to you to find your optimal moment when you will stop trying.However, it is good to push the limit a little further every time you encounter a new challenge.Give it one more try!Will it hurt?No, but it could work!Give Yourself a BreakOne of the most important habits, one that many people ignore or forget, is making a pause. Sometimes enough is enough. Sometimes you just need to let go of everything and relax.Do you do this? Do you have a guilty conscience then? Do you feel that you should be working instead of resting?By the way, when we say rest, it can range from a 5-minute break during work rush or a 2-week vacation in a 5-star hotel.Everyone needs a break sometimes. It is critical that you learn to recognize when you have reached your limit and are in dire need of a pause. At that moment, just let go.Take the time you need to refresh, and you will see, the work will continue smoothly, and you will be as fresh as a daisy!If you don’t have this habit, make sure to start it as soon as possible! We sure will!HOW GOOD IS YOUR RAPPORT WITH OTHER PEOPLE?“Man is a social animal,” Aristotle said. Yes, he is right. You cannot achieve anything without other people.Hence, it is crucial for you to be able to maintain an excellent relationship with people from your surroundings.This is not as hard as it may seem. Think: do you smile at the cashier in the supermarket? Do you say ‘thank you’ and ‘please’? These small pleasantries are the sole basis for successful communication. Everything else is building upon that.Taking an interest in what someone is telling you shows that you are a people’s person. Such people are very respected by others.Such people are wanted for collaboration.No one wants to see a frowning face or listen to someone constantly talking about themself.This is a skill, a habit also. It can be incorporated into your everyday life. Bear that in mind next time when you wait in a long line at the cash register.A simple ‘Have a nice day’ said to the cashier will make both your day and theirs.Express Your CreativityCreative, imaginative, innovative people are those who succeed.Today’s world is in need of people like that. Are you one of those? Even if you think you are not, it is not impossible to become one.If you do something for your own enjoyment, it will make you happy. Try painting or drawing. Try writing. No one needs to see it. It does not have to be a work of art. Just enjoy the process!Doing creative work frees your mind from worries and stress. It is the same when you exercise â€" you relieve the pressure and prepare yourself for future mental strain. If you don’t believe us, try it yourself!Every person is creative in their own way. Having a habit of creating something (even if you will throw it right after it is finished) triggers special processes in the brain, and who knows, maybe you will come up with an exc eptional idea for your shoe store commercial while drawing an African elephant! FINAL WORDEvery person should strive for some kind of success. Most people do. Find what you want to accomplish in your life and go for it! But be prepared to fight.The first step to realizing your potential is getting into good habits. They are a good indicator of how successful you may become.The path to success is paved with hard work and good habits. If you have a healthy and colorful lifestyle, if you are self-disciplined, if you have all or most of the above-described habits, you are in for a life of success!

School Of Business And Computer Science - 1138 Words

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE CENTRE FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING (CITE) B.ENG (HONS) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Course : Advanced Computer Aided Systems (Electrical) Lecturer : Daniel Ringis WS3 : PCB Manufacture Submitted by : Valmiki Singh (26908) Task 1 a. Dry Film Resist Coating material to mask a copper pattern that is designed for a printed circuit board to accommodate the etching and solder. b. Clean room A room in which the concentration of air born particles is controlled to lessen the effect dust has on imaging. c. Photoplot The product of scanning imaging data onto films. Referred to as artwork, and are required for PCB fabrication. d. 2oz Copper The weight of copper present in one sqft. of area on the PCB. 2oz indicates the overall thickness of copper on the walls. e. Panelling The process in manufacturing which uses a large base material containing more than one circuit patterns which is extracted to smaller boards after the manufacture process. f. CNC Drilling Computer numerical control drilling, is a system that uses computers and software to automate drilling. g. Lamination The process of bonding together two or more layers of materials with the use of heat and pressure. h. Etching The process of selectively removing undesired or unwanted copper areas from the surface of a PCB by means of chemical action. i. Registration holes Holes punched on the PCB that is used toShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Technology Advancements in Society837 Words   |  3 Pagesis the computer. The computer has unquestionably impacted popular culture in America. After the Industrial Revolution, the computer age developed. 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Alzheimers Disease Symptoms, Stages, Causes and Treatments - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2025 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Medicine Essay Level High school Tags: Alzheimer's Disease Essay Did you like this example? Introduction The brain is a significant and complex organ with a vast array of roles necessary for sustaining human life. Some of these include cognitive functions, homeostatic regulatory responsibilities, motor controls, and sensory information reception. While the human brain has numerous capabilities essential to life, a wide range of neurological disorders can impede these, causing a variety of potentially fatal diseases, such as Alzheimers disease. German physician Dr. Alois Alzheimer first described Alzheimers disease as presenile dementia in 1906. Now known to be a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, Alzheimers disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for nearly 35 million cases globally (Martorelli, et al.). In the United States today, it is speculated that someone develops Alzheimers disease every 66 seconds, however in 2050, a new case of Alzheimers is expected to develop in as little as every 33 seconds (Alzheimers Association). Subsequently, since Alzheimers disease has become much more widespread, it has also become much more fatal. As of 2014, in the United States alone, the disease was reportedly responsible for approximately 85,000 deaths. Moreover, during the years 2000 to 2013, the number of deaths caused by Alzheimers disease increased by over 71%, while mortality caused by stroke, heart disease, and prostate cancer actually decreased by 23%, 14%, and 11%, respectively (Alzheimers Association). However, it is important to suggest that these mortality statistics may be greatly underestimated since death certificates may list other complications as causes of death, rather than the underlying Alzheimers disease. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alzheimers Disease: Symptoms, Stages, Causes and Treatments" essay for you Create order Additionally, a key aspect of the surging prevalence of Alzheimers disease as a fatal disorder is that it is only intensifying with increasing longevity in humans. For example, in his article Pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease, Dr. Russell Swerdlow, the Director of the University of Kansas Alzheimers Disease Center and the KUMC Neurodegenerative Disorders Program, references a survey of brains from persons over the age of 85 that all showed evidence having at least some degree of Alzheimers disease. He states that therefore, it is worth considering that at some point in the aging continuum, Alzheimers disease ceases to become a disease because it becomes a norm. Thus, as the facts and statistics stated above may imply, Alzheimers disease is becoming a widespread disease characterized as much more than the memory loss commonly associated with it. Unfortunately, however, the diagnosis of Alzheimers disease is primarily reliant on observations of cognitive and functional decline (Martorelli, et al.). These symptoms include: agnosia, the loss of perceptual ability regarding the interpretation of sensory perceptions; apraxia, the inability to understand the meaning or appropriate use of things; and dysphasia, the failure to arrange words in a meaningful manner (Martone and Piotrowski). Therefore, due to the complexity and extent of the neurological deficits that which it causes, Alzheimers disease is typically terminal once it has finally been diagnosed. In addition to its inability to be diagnosed through practical medical testing, Alzheimers disease is even more so fatal as a result of the uncertainty behind its physiological causes and the lac k of a known cure. Causes An early feature of Alzheimers disease is synaptic loss that renders neurons dysfunctional and prone to irreversible death, ultimately precipitating the severe brain atrophy and cognitive impairment observed in later stages of the disease (Seddighi, et al.). Simply put, Alzheimers disease causes the volume of the brain the shrink considerably. However, there are several hypotheses as to why this happens. The most well-known theory, the amyloid cascade hypothesis, has been the mainstream concept underlying Alzheimers disease research for more than 20 years (Kametani and Hasegawa). Usually resulting from genetic mutations on chromosome 21, this hypothesis states that various pathological changes occur in response to abnormally increased concentrations of beta-amyloid protein (Widmaier, et al). This protein is derived from its much larger precursor, the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), by two proteases, beta-secretase and gamma-secretase. Specifically, a mutation in two amino acids (lysine and methionine mutated to asparagine and leucine) of APP adjacent to the beta-secretase site is known to increase beta-secretase activity and thus, beta-amyloid protein production (Martone and Piotrowski). In addition to mutations affecting chromosome 21, the specific mutations of the genes presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 associated with chromosomes 14 and 1, respectively, also result in the increased production of the beta-amyloid protein. Alternatively, this protein is the much larger and more pathogenic version, which is known as the beta-amyloid protein 42 (Martone and Piotrowski). Because of this, the two presenilin mutations usually trigger an early onset of Alzheimers disease, and presenilin 1, specifically, can even occur in patients as early as age 30. Therefore, it can be inferred that Alzheimers disease caused by mutation of the presenilin 1 gene is characterized as being far more malignant than the other forms of the disease. Not only is this due to its extraordinarily early onset, but it also is the result of its increased aggression characterized by the abundance of amyloid plaques in more detrimental regions of the brain, such as the cerebellum (Martone and Piotrowski). As stated previously, the increase in beta-amyloid protein production results in a triad of of pathological changes, including the formations of senile plaques, amyloid angiopathy, and neurofibrillary tangles. To elaborate, senile plaques consist of amyloid deposits surrounded by dystrophic neurons, while amyloid angiopathy is the presence of the same deposits within the brain vasculature. Neurofibrillary tangles, on the other hand, are simply tangled fibrillary protein aggregates within nerve cells of the brain, but, however, these components have drawn quite a bit of attention lately (Martone and Piotrowski). Some scientists have begun to develop a new hypothesis focusing on the neurofibrillary tangles as the basis of their Alzheimers research. Neurofibrillary tangles specifically contain abnormally configured and excessively phosphorylated tau protein. This is significant because in most differentiated cells, tau is generally unphosphorylated and is responsible for associating with microtubules to form a permanent cytoskeleton (Swerdlow). The human tau gene is localized on chromosome 17, and as the result of mRNA alternative splicing, it has six known isoforms expressed in the adult human brain. In other neurodegenerative disorders, such as frontotemporal dementia, mutations associated with the tau gene result in either protein accumulation, which causes neuronal degeneration, or impairment of microtubule regulation, ultimately leading to extensive cell damage (Kametani and Hasegawa). Furthermore, recent positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that the spatial patterns of t au tracer binding are closely linked to the patterns of neurodegeneration and clinical presentation in Alzheimers disease patients (Kametani and Hasegawa). In addition, tau lesions in the brain have also been shown to occur earlier than beta-amyloid protein deposits. Therefore, it is believed that Alzheimers disease progression is more reliant on tau pathology than amplified beta-amyloid protein production (Kametani and Hasegawa). Somewhat humorously, there has been a long-standing debate regarding the significance of the pathological findings in Alzheimers disease. This argument has questioned whether beta-amyloid-protein-associated pathology or the tau-protein-associated pathology is the primary lesion in the disease, which therefore has divided investigators into baptist and aoist camps (Martone and Piotrowski). For example, on one hand, some may argue that the amyloid plaques are a result neurodegenerative processes, such as normal aging or neurofibrillary tangle-associated neuronal degeneration, rather than their cause. On the other hand, however, others may argue that there have been no direct links between the genetics of Alzheimers disease and the tau protein, even though a mutation has been identified in tau when its associated with non-Alzheimers dementia, or frontotemporal dementia (Martone and Piotrowski). Nevertheless, outside of this debate an additional theory, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, has recently arose. This idea assumes that similar physiological mechanisms underlie both Alzheimers disease and common brain aging. More importantly, it postulates that since Alzheimers disease mitochondrial dysfunction is systemic, it cannot be a consequence of neurodegeneration (Swerdlow). In contrast to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which is based on studies of rare, autosomal-dominant mutants, this proposal looks to determine the causes of common late-onset, sporadic Alzheimers disease. In this model, the makeup of an individuals electron-transport chain is inherited and gene-specific. The chain sets basal rates of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which therefore determines the rate at which mitochondrial damage occurs. As a result, oxidative mitochondrial DNA, RNA, lipid, and protein damage amplifies ROS production and triggers three events (Swerdlow and Khan). First, it signals a reset response in which cells respond to the elevated ROS by generating the beta-amyloid protein, which further impedes mitochondrial function. Then, it prompts a removal response in which compromised cells are disposed of through apoptosis mechanism, and finally, it generates a replace response in which neuronal progenitors unsuccessfully attempt to re-enter the cell cycle, which results in aneuploidy, tau phosphorylation, and neurofibrillary tangle formation (Swerdlow and Khan). Ultimately, the probable causes of Alzheimers disease all converge at one main idea: Alzheimers disease is the direct result of neuronal degeneration and decreased synaptic density due to some sort of protein accumulation within the tissues of the brain. Therefore, due to neuronal death, there is a widespread decline in various neurotransmitter-containing cell bodies of the brain. However, the most consistent losses throughout the progression Alzheimers disease are that of the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain (Mufson, et al). Despite this congruence, however, understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that drive neurodegeneration, and therefore the subsequent acetylcholine deficits, in Alzheimers disease is crucial for rationally designing neuroprotective agents capable of preventing the disease progression (Coimbra, et al.). Treatments Currently, the treatment options available for patients with Alzheimers disease are primarily palliative options that only address and temporarily alleviate symptoms of the disease. Some of the most common treatment options include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, and tacrine, to name a few (Martone and Piotrowski). By inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, these agents therefore inhibit the degradation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is commonly reduced in individuals with Alzheimers disease due to neuronal degeneration (Widmaier, et al.). In addition, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and ibuprofen, are also commonly prescribed in order to limit any inflammatory responses in the brain that may have been caused by any neurotoxic effects of the accumulation of the beta-amyloid protein (Martone and Piotrowski). Furthermore, because of the limited effects of pharmacological treatments, the use of psychological and psychosocial interventions has become increasingly popular in recent years. This method, known as cognition-focused intervention is commonly partitioned into three separate approaches: cognitive stimulation (CS), cognitive training (CT), and cognitive rehabilitation (CR). In short, CS aims to enhance cognitive function through participation in a set of activities that engage mental processes, CT aims to improve specific cognitive functions through a set of standardized tasks with guided practice, and CR aims to address the impact of cognitive impairment of everyday functional ability in order to reduce disability and improve functioning in specific activities of daily living (Oltra-Cucarella). More importantly, in order to better the lives of those afflicted and to decrease the overall mortality rate caused by Alzheimers disease, research on new possible treatments is underway. For example, several groups of researchers worldwide are actively attempting to discover and develop beta-secretase inhibitors in order to limit the proteolytic processing of APP that subsequently produces beta-amyloid protein (Coimbra). Thus, by inhibiting the accumulation of this protein, these potential cures could stop the progression of Alzheimers disease in its tracks. As a result, not only would this hypothetical cure improve the quality of life for those afflicted with Alzheimers disease, but it would also increase the chance of prolonged survival. Conclusion Although Alzheimers disease was first characterized in 1906, we, as humans, still have much to learn about the neurodegenerative disorder, even over 110 years later. Despite having a plethora of possible genetic causes, this disorder is generally classified as a progressive neurodegenerative disease. On the surface, Alzheimers disease seems as though it is simply portrayed as memory loss due to a net shrinkage in brain volume. However, this is far from the truth. Alzheimers disease is characterized by neurological degeneration and degradation caused by protein accumulation, whether it be beta-amyloid plaques or tau protein. As a result, this disease is associated with a variety of cognitive deficits, including agnosia, apraxia, and dysphasia, and it typically results in fatality. In summary, Alzheimers disease research is incredibly significant to the lives of over 30 million people affected worldwide, making it one of the leading causes of death across the globe.

The Birth of Samples of Essay for Aveda Institute

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Marketing strategy for GE Healthcare-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss, analyze and answer the case study of GE Healthcare's Pocket-Sized Imaging Device. Answer: Discussion of introduction of Vscan and analysis that is it a disruptive innovation or not Disruptive innovation refers to the innovation of a product in market, which affects the sales of an existing product in a market (King and Baatartogtokh 2015). In the context of GE Healthcare they have introduced Vscan device that is a powerful ultrasound technology. The size of this equipment is as like as a smart phone. This is very helpful for the primary care physician to diagnose gallstone, fluid on the heart and the way of heart pumping. This device is easy to carry from one room to another room. This provides the physician high imaging capabilities while they diagnose the patients. However, Vscan creates a new market and the new value network for GE Healthcare. This technology derived from the strategic viewpoints of GE Healthcare, which is termed as healthymagination. Therefore, this new technology replaces the position stethoscope and expensive ultrasound consol. Thus, it affects the existing market of the healthcare equipments those have similar functions like Vscan. Hence , it can be said that Introduction of Vscan is a disruptive innovation in the context of GE Healthcare. Lunching of the Vsacn by GE Healthcare is a disruptive innovation as it hampers the present market value of an existing product. Often innovation of new products replaces the products having similar functions (Wan et al. 2015). As per the given scenario, GE Healthcare has decided to invest $6 billion to improve the efficiency of the Vscan. $8000 Vscan device consists of the equivalent image quality of expensive midrange ultrasound console device. Hence, innovation of Vscan cannibalizes the sales of high priced imaging equipment that are produced by GE Healthcare. Marketing strategy for GE Healthcare to enhance the adoption of Vscan in US and global market Implementation of the diffusion of innovation is an effective marketing strategy for the organization to boost the adoption process of their new product (Cusumano et al. 2015). In the context of GE Healthcare incorporation of the diffusion of the innovation strategy regarding Vscan technology will be great approach to speed the adoption of such product in the global market. In US the people adopt the products by analyzing its benefits. Hence, the diffusion innovation strategy will be effective for GE Healthcare to convey the detail of their product to the target audience. Knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation and confirmation are the five major steps of such strategy. In the knowledge stage the marketers will create the awareness among the audience regarding the product (Heidenreich and Kraemer 2016). Therefore, in the persuasion stage the GE Healthcare can understand the perspective of the audience in the global market. Therefore, in the decision stage they reveal the decision of the adaptors and then they implement the marketing process for this product. In the final stage of this strategy that is the confirmation stage GE Healthcare can understand the behavior or attitude of the adopter regarding their new product Vscan. If they are able to implement each stage of this strategy then they can offer the new Vscan products with advanced features based on the customers needs. As a result, it will be adopted in the US as well as in the global market. References Cusumano, M.A., Kahl, S.J. and Suarez, F.F., 2015. Services, industry evolution, and the competitive strategies of product firms.Strategic management journal,36(4), pp.559-575. Heidenreich, S. and Kraemer, T., 2016. Innovationsdoomed to fail? Investigating strategies to overcome passive innovation resistance.Journal of Product Innovation Management,33(3), pp.277-297. King, A.A. and Baatartogtokh, B., 2015. How useful is the theory of disruptive innovation?.MIT Sloan Management Review,57(1), p.77. Wan, F., Williamson, P.J. and Yin, E., 2015. Antecedents and implications of disruptive innovation: Evidence from China.Technovation,39, pp.94-104